![]() Īs mentioned above, the negative health effects of work-related silica-exposure are well-established despite the healthy worker effect. The Occupational Exposure Limit for silica in Sweden has been 0.1mg/m 3 since 1979, but 8% of silica-exposed workers exceed this limit. The Swedish foundry workers with the highest overall silica exposure levels are sand mixers, fettlers, and furnace and ladle repair workers those with the lowest exposures are casters and core makers. The general production processes in foundries are sand mixing, core making, moulding, melting, casting, shake out, and fettling. Three kinds of foundry exist in Sweden: iron, steel and metal foundries. Respirable silica is encountered in many kinds of industrial sites, including foundries. Cohort studies have suggested that an apparent silica exposure-related decrease in the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) might be due to the healthy worker effect. However, the available data for specific categories of CVD are inconsistent. Occupation related silica-exposure has been related to increased risks of (and mortality from) diseases including silicosis, lung cancer, renal disease, and CVD for particulate silica exposure. Their precise toxicity depends on their physicochemical properties. Particles that can enter the respiratory system during breathing are divided into inhalable, thoracic and respirable particles, which are potentially harmful to health if deposited in the lungs or airways. particles smaller than 100nm) can enter the bloodstream. Crystalline silica typically exists as respirable particles, and silica nanoparticles (i.e. The latter two forms are created during high-temperature processes. Silica is often present at industrial sites in one or more of its crystalline forms-quartz, cristobalite and tridymite. However, statistical analyses focusing on specific CVD types have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, several epidemiological studies have linked silica exposure to elevated mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as cancers and renal dysfunction. However, mortality and morbidity from silicosis among workers at risk of occupational silica exposure in Sweden remain significantly higher than among the general population. Measures to reduce silica inhalation based on structural, environmental and technical improvements in workplaces have greatly reduced the incidence of silicosis. ![]() It is well established that work-related silica exposure is associated with elevated mortality because of respiratory diseases such as silicosis. Occupational silica exposure is a global health issue. No specific funding was given for this article.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Data access requests can be directed to Regionala Etikprövningsnämnden i Uppsala (Regional Ethical Board in Uppsala): or The authors are employed by Region Örebro län. However, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare will also put restrictions on sharing sensitive information. Any researcher, granted that they have an ethical approval from a regional ethical board, can use the data in the Swedish National Patient Register. Access to data on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in our cohort was granted based on the ethical committee’s approval of undertaking this study. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The data used in this study was derived from The Swedish National Patient Register, which is collected, maintained and owned by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare ( ). Received: JAccepted: JanuPublished: February 26, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Fan et al. PLoS ONE 13(2):Įditor: Rudolf Kirchmair, Medical University Innsbruck, AUSTRIA Citation: Fan C, Graff P, Vihlborg P, Bryngelsson I-L, Andersson L (2018) Silica exposure increases the risk of stroke but not myocardial infarction-A retrospective cohort study.
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